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Giuseppe Garibaldi, a leader of Italian unification, was an active Mason and a keen supporter of the craft. In the 1920s, Freemasonry was again suppressed under Italian fascism but revived again after the fall of Benito Mussolini. Into the 21st century, Italy contains a wide variety of Masonic observances, regular, liberal, male, female and mixed.
Propaganda Due (Italian pronunciation: [propaˈɡanda ˈduːe]; P2) was a Masonic lodge, founded in 1877, within the tradition of Continental Freemasonry and under the authority of Grand Orient of Italy. Its Masonic charter was withdrawn in 1976, and it was transformed by Worshipful Master Licio Gelli into an international, illegal, clandestine ...
However, the European Grand Orient Lodge of Masons, established primarily in Italy and France, is still considered anti-Catholic or, at least, atheistic," and that "the CDF 'let it be known that Catholics joining the Freemasons are no longer automatically excommunicated. The Church's new attitude has been in effect for more than a year.'
Antonio Gasparinetti, Italian poet and military officer. Member of the Grand Orient of Italy Lodge. [74] Richard Jordan Gatling (1818–1903), American inventor best known for his invention of the Gatling gun, the first successful machine gun. An active member of his Masonic Lodge, he was member of Center Lodge No. 23, Indianapolis. [75] [76]
Banned all secret societies in 1801, but rescinded the prohibition in 1803. He banned Freemasonry in Russia in 1822 due to concerns of political power of some lodges. [10] Alexander I of Yugoslavia (1888–1934), last king of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921–29) and first king of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–34) [25]
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A Little Free Library in Germantown, organized by the Germantown Community Coalition, specializes in offering banned books. ... counted 3,362 instances of book titles being banned in schools in ...
For example, in the encyclical Custodi di quella fede Leo XIII warned against Catholics becoming involved with liberal groups [20] and asked Catholics to become more involved in forms of Catholic Action away from the "Masonic" state. [21] In 2007 Italian politicians in the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats and Forza Italia accused ...