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A list MP is a member of parliament (MP) elected from a party list rather than a geographic electoral district. The place in Parliament is due to the number of votes the party won, not to votes received by the MP personally. This occurs only in countries with an electoral system based wholly or partly on party-list proportional representation.
Country Body or office Type of body or office Electoral system Notes Albania: President: Head of state Elected by the Parliament: Parliament: Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation: Algeria: President: Head of state Two-round system: Council of the Nation: Upper chamber of legislature Indirectly elected (2/3) Appointed by ...
Voting system Seats Population per seat GDP per seat (USD millions) Andean Community: Andean Parliament: Unicameral: Direct, indirect (varies by country) proportional: 25 ~ ~ African Union: Pan-African Parliament: Unicameral 5 Indirect (appointed by 47 of 53 national legislatures) 265 3,974,098 14,180 Arab League: Arab Parliament: Unicameral 80 ...
In political science, parallel voting or superposition refers to the use of two or more electoral systems to elect different members of a legislature. More precisely, an electoral system is a superposition if it is a mixture of at least two tiers, which do not interact with each other in any way; one part of a legislature is elected using one method, while another part is elected using a ...
Superposition, or the supplementary member (SM) system where two different systems are used on different levels of the electoral system in a non-compensatory manner. This means if a party gets a disproportionally high share of seats in the majoritarian tier, they retain this absolute advantage even as their relative (percentage-wise) advantage ...
Poster for the European Parliament election 2004 in Italy, showing party lists. Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats roughly proportional to their share of the vote.
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The table below lists the countries that use a mixed electoral system for the primary (lower) chamber of the legislature. Countries with coexistence-based hybrid systems have been excluded from the table, as have countries that mix two plurality/majoritarian systems. (See also the complete list of electoral systems by country.)