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Under HTTP 1.0, connections should always be closed by the server after sending the response. [1]Since at least late 1995, [2] developers of popular products (browsers, web servers, etc.) using HTTP/1.0, started to add an unofficial extension (to the protocol) named "keep-alive" in order to allow the reuse of a connection for multiple requests/responses.
Control options for the current connection and list of hop-by-hop response fields. [13] Must not be used with HTTP/2. [14] Connection: close: Permanent RFC 9110: Content-Disposition [51] An opportunity to raise a "File Download" dialogue box for a known MIME type with binary format or suggest a filename for dynamic content.
Headers; An empty line; Optional HTTP message body data; The request/status line and headers must all end with <CR><LF> (that is, a carriage return followed by a line feed). The empty line must consist of only <CR><LF> and no other whitespace. The "optional HTTP message body data" is what this article defines.
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol uses the keyword "Keep-Alive" in the "Connection" header to signal that the connection should be kept open for further messages (this is the default in HTTP 1.1, but in HTTP 1.0 the default was to use a new connection for each request/reply pair). [8] Despite the similar name, this function is entirely unrelated.
When "Connection: close" is sent, it means that the web server will close the TCP connection immediately after the end of the transfer of this response. [ 22 ] Most of the header lines are optional but some are mandatory.
With HTTP 1.1, persistent connections are the default so the keep-alive connection-token and the Keep-Alive: header are not needed anymore, instead HTTP 1.1 compliant clients and servers use the "Connection: close" header to tell the other end it want to close the persistent connection. When used, the Keep-Alive header seems to accept ...
Connection termination Detailed TCP close() sequence diagram. The connection termination phase uses a four-way handshake, with each side of the connection terminating independently. When an endpoint wishes to stop its half of the connection, it transmits a FIN packet, which the other end acknowledges with an ACK.
Chunked transfer encoding allows a server to maintain an HTTP persistent connection for dynamically generated content. In this case, the HTTP Content-Length header cannot be used to delimit the content and the next HTTP request/response, as the content size is not yet known.