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Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the coefficient of traction (similar to coefficient of friction).
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.
Product of a force and the perpendicular distance of the force from the point about which it is exerted newton-metre (N⋅m) L 2 M T −2: bivector (or pseudovector in 3D) Velocity: v →: Moved distance per unit time: the first time derivative of position m/s L T −1: vector Wavevector: k →
Surface tension has the dimension of force per unit length, or of energy per unit area. [3] The two are equivalent, but when referring to energy per unit of area, it is common to use the term surface energy , which is a more general term in the sense that it applies also to solids .
The term tractive effort is often qualified as starting tractive effort, continuous tractive effort and maximum tractive effort.These terms apply to different operating conditions, but are related by common mechanical factors: input torque to the driving wheels, the wheel diameter, coefficient of friction (μ) between the driving wheels and supporting surface, and the weight applied to the ...
The capillary length or capillary constant is a length scaling factor that relates gravity and surface tension. It is a fundamental physical property that governs the behavior of menisci, and is found when body forces (gravity) and surface forces ( Laplace pressure ) are in equilibrium.
Stress resultants are simplified representations of the stress state in structural elements such as beams, plates, or shells. [1] The geometry of typical structural elements allows the internal stress state to be simplified because of the existence of a "thickness'" direction in which the size of the element is much smaller than in other directions.
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.