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B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is B lymphocyte cell-surface molecule. It is a 33-37 kDa non-glycosylated protein. CD20 is expressed on the surface of B-cells from the pre-B phase, the expression is lost in terminally differentiated plasma cells. [5] [6] CD20 is used as a therapeutical target of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. [6]
Unlike classic RSC, the non-classic popcorn-shaped RS cells of NLPHL are CD15 and CD30 negative while positive for the B cell marker CD20. The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab has been used in lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with encouraging results. [6] BCL6 gene rearrangements have been frequently observed. [7] [8]
The CD nomenclature was proposed and established in the 1st International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA), held in Paris in 1982. [4] [5] This system was intended for the classification of the many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated by different laboratories around the world against epitopes on the surface molecules of leukocytes (white blood cells).
Genetic mutations can be identified as the cause of disease in about 10% of people, while familial inheritance accounts for 10–25% of cases. [13] Rather than arising from a single genetic mutation, CVID seems to result from a variety of mutations that all contribute to a failure in antibody production.
These cells may bear deletion in the "q" arm of chromosome 7 (30% of cases), and mutations in NOTCH2 (10-25% of cases), KLF2 (10-40% of cases), and, rarely, MYD88 genes. [2] The monoclonal cells are also CD200− and are complete Ig+. [9] Patients with this lymphoma commonly have an enlarged spleen. [3]
"Milk has basic properties that help in reducing acidity in the stomach. Therefore, when you crave milk, your body is trying to reduce the acidity naturally." 6.
In Canada, [8] [9] European Union, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, and some US states (e.g., Washington [10]) the somatic cell count shall be not more than 400,000 cells per milliliter. The somatic cell count limit is 750,000 in the majority of the USA [11] and 1,000,000 in Brazil. [12] [13] Bacteria in milk can come from sources other ...
Thus, approximately 10 7 different epitopes can be recognized by all the B cell clones combined. [21] Moreover, in a lifetime, an individual usually requires the generation of antibodies against very few antigens in comparison with the number that the body can recognize and respond against.