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The empty graph E 3 (red) admits a 1-coloring; the complete graph K 3 (blue) admits a 3-coloring; the other graphs admit a 2-coloring. Main article: Chromatic polynomial The chromatic polynomial counts the number of ways a graph can be colored using some of a given number of colors.
For a graph G, let χ(G) denote the chromatic number and Δ(G) the maximum degree of G.The list coloring number ch(G) satisfies the following properties.. ch(G) ≥ χ(G).A k-list-colorable graph must in particular have a list coloring when every vertex is assigned the same list of k colors, which corresponds to a usual k-coloring.
The graph coloring game is a mathematical game related to graph theory. Coloring game problems arose as game-theoretic versions of well-known graph coloring problems. In a coloring game, two players use a given set of colors to construct a coloring of a graph, following specific rules depending on the game we consider.
The total chromatic number χ″(G) of a graph G is the fewest colors needed in any total coloring of G. The total graph T = T(G) of a graph G is a graph such that (i) the vertex set of T corresponds to the vertices and edges of G and (ii) two vertices are adjacent in T if and only if their corresponding elements are either adjacent or incident ...
A list edge-coloring is a choice of a color for each edge, from its list of allowed colors; a coloring is proper if no two adjacent edges receive the same color. A graph G is k-edge-choosable if every instance of list edge-coloring that has G as its underlying graph and that provides at least k allowed colors for each edge of G has
Zaker (2006) defines a sequence of graphs called t-atoms, with the property that a graph has Grundy number at least t if and only if it contains a t-atom.Each t-atom is formed from an independent set and a (t − 1)-atom, by adding one edge from each vertex of the (t − 1)-atom to a vertex of the independent set, in such a way that each member of the independent set has at least one edge ...
The minimum number of colors needed for the incidence coloring of a graph G is known as the incidence chromatic number or incidence coloring number of G, represented by (). This notation was introduced by Jennifer J. Quinn Massey and Richard A. Brualdi in 1993.
Finding ψ(G) is an optimization problem.The decision problem for complete coloring can be phrased as: . INSTANCE: a graph G = (V, E) and positive integer k QUESTION: does there exist a partition of V into k or more disjoint sets V 1, V 2, …, V k such that each V i is an independent set for G and such that for each pair of distinct sets V i, V j, V i ∪ V j is not an independent set.