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  2. Gel electrophoresis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis

    Gel electrophoresis is a process where an electric current is applied to DNA samples creating fragments that can be used for comparison between DNA samples. DNA is extracted. Isolation and amplification of DNA. DNA added to the gel wells. Electric current applied to the gel. DNA bands are separated by size. DNA bands are stained.

  3. Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis_of...

    The negative charge of its phosphate backbone moves the DNA towards the positively charged anode during electrophoresis. However, the migration of DNA molecules in solution, in the absence of a gel matrix, is independent of molecular weight during electrophoresis, i.e. there is no separation by size without a gel matrix. [12]

  4. DNA separation by silica adsorption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_separation_by_silica...

    The highest DNA adsorption efficiencies occur in the presence of buffer solution with a pH at or below the pKa of the surface silanol groups. The mechanism behind DNA adsorption onto silica is not fully understood; one possible explanation involves reduction of the silica surface's negative charge due to the high ionic strength of the buffer.

  5. DNA sequencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing

    This method of sequencing utilizes binding characteristics of a library of short single stranded DNA molecules (oligonucleotides), also called DNA probes, to reconstruct a target DNA sequence. Non-specific hybrids are removed by washing and the target DNA is eluted. [147] Hybrids are re-arranged such that the DNA sequence can be reconstructed.

  6. SDS-PAGE - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDS-PAGE

    Proteins of the erythrocyte membrane separated by SDS-PAGE according to their molecular masses. SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a discontinuous electrophoretic system developed by Ulrich K. Laemmli which is commonly used as a method to separate proteins with molecular masses between 5 and 250 kDa.

  7. Southern blot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_blot

    The DNA fragments are transferred out of the gel or matrix onto a solid membrane, which is then exposed to a DNA probe labeled with a radioactive, fluorescent, or chemical tag. The tag allows any DNA fragments containing complementary sequences with the DNA probe sequence to be visualized within the Southern blot. [1]

  8. DNA-binding metallo-intercalators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-Binding_Metallo-inter...

    DNA-binding metallo-intercalators are positively charged, planar, polycyclic, aromatic compounds that unwind the DNA double helix and insert themselves between DNA base pairs. [1] Metallo- intercalators insert themselves between two intact base pairs without expelling or replacing the original nitrogenous bases ; the hydrogen bonds between the ...

  9. Agarose gel electrophoresis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agarose_gel_electrophoresis

    For example, the positive charge of ethidium bromide can reduce the DNA movement by 15%. [12] Agarose gel electrophoresis can be used to resolve circular DNA with different supercoiling topology. [16] DNA damage due to increased cross-linking will also reduce electrophoretic DNA migration in a dose-dependent way. [17] [18]

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