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The evolution of birds began in the Jurassic Period, with the earliest birds derived from a clade of theropod dinosaurs named Paraves. [1] Birds are categorized as a biological class, Aves. For more than a century, the small theropod dinosaur Archaeopteryx lithographica from the Late Jurassic period was considered to have been the earliest bird.
The eventual ancestor of cattle, aurochs (Bos primigenus), evolves in India. 1.7 Ma Australopithecines go extinct. 1.2 Ma Evolution of Homo antecessor. The last members of Paranthropus die out. 1 Ma First coyotes. 810 ka First wolves: 600 ka Evolution of Homo heidelbergensis. 400 ka First polar bears. 350 ka Evolution of Neanderthals. 300 ka
A turning point came in the early twentieth century with the writings of Gerhard Heilmann of Denmark.An artist by trade, Heilmann had a scholarly interest in birds and from 1913 to 1916, expanding on earlier work by Othenio Abel, [12] published the results of his research in several parts, dealing with the anatomy, embryology, behavior, paleontology, and evolution of birds. [13]
1933 – Nagamichi Kuroda publishes Birds of the Island of Java (2 Volumes, 1933–36). 1934 – Roger Tory Peterson publishes his Guide to the Birds, the first modern field guide. 1934–37 – Brian Roberts is the expedition ornithologist on John Rymill's British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE).
In this list of birds by common name 11,278 extant and recently extinct (since 1500) bird species are recognised. [1] Species marked with a "†" are extinct. Contents
Birds' diets are varied and often include nectar, fruit, plants, seeds, carrion, and various small animals, including other birds. [77] The digestive system of birds is unique, with a crop for storage and a gizzard that contains swallowed stones for grinding food to compensate for the lack of teeth. [ 149 ]
That includes a petition from Bird Names for Birds that began in 2020 and was addressed to the Ornithological Society to confront the bird names it describes as "verbal statues" to their eponyms.
However, this classification has fallen into disuse as evolutionary studies have shown that many flightless birds have evolved from flighted birds. [ 270 ] [ 271 ] kleptoparasitism