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Juglans nigra, the eastern American black walnut, is a species of deciduous tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, native to central and eastern North America, growing mostly in riparian zones. Black walnut is susceptible to thousand cankers disease , which provoked a decline of walnut trees in some regions.
Juglone itself was first isolated from black walnut in 1856, and was identified as the compound responsible for its allelopathic effects in 1881. [2] In 1921, a study observed that tomato plants near black walnut trees exhibited wilted leaves, suggesting an adverse interaction. [3]
Walnut trees are any species of tree in the plant genus Juglans, the type genus of the family Juglandaceae, the seeds of which are referred to as walnuts.All species are deciduous trees, 10–40 metres (33–131 ft) tall, with pinnate leaves 200–900 millimetres (7.9–35.4 in), with 5–25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered pith, a character shared with the wingnuts (Pterocarya), but not ...
Juglans californica, the California black walnut, also called the California walnut, or the Southern California black walnut, [1] is a large shrub or small tree (about 20–49 feet (6.1–14.9 m) [3]) of the walnut family, Juglandaceae, endemic to the Central Valley and the Coast Range valleys from Northern to Southern California.
Juglans hindsii, commonly called the Northern California black walnut and Hinds's black walnut, is a species of walnut tree native to the western United States (California and Oregon). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is commonly called claro walnut by the lumber industry and woodworkers, and is the subject of some confusion over its being used as ...
The black walnut (Juglans nigra) produces the allelochemical juglone, which affects some species greatly while others not at all. However, most of the evidence for allelopathic effects of juglone come from laboratory assays and it thus remains controversial to what extent juglone affects the growth of competitors under field conditions. [28]
Thousand cankers is a recently described disease and its involvement in tree mortality apparently is also recent. The first published note involving black walnut die-offs that likely can be attributed to TCD occurred in the Espanola Valley of northern New Mexico in 2001.
The trees are wind-pollinated, and the flowers are usually arranged in catkins. The fruits of the Juglandaceae are often confused with drupes but are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an involucre and thus not morphologically part of the carpel; this means it cannot be a drupe but is instead a drupe-like nut.
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