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In Welsh culture, an eisteddfod [a] is an institution and festival with several ranked competitions, including in poetry and music. [2]: xvi The term eisteddfod, which is formed from the Welsh morphemes: eistedd, meaning 'sit', and fod, meaning 'be', [3] means, according to Hywel Teifi Edwards, "sitting-together."
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. [ 1 ]
The National Eisteddfod has been held in Aberdare three times, including the first in 1861. Gorsedd stones (Welsh: Cerrig yr Orsedd) are groups of standing stones constructed for the National Eisteddfod of Wales. They form an integral part of the druidic Gorsedd ceremonies of the Eisteddfod. The stones can be found as commemorative structures ...
The Welsh motto of the International Eisteddfod, "Byd gwyn fydd byd a gano. Gwaraidd fydd ei gerddi fo", was composed by the poet T. Gwynn Jones in 1946, a few months after the eisteddfod was established. It has appeared on the Eisteddfod trophies, artwork and various artefacts of the eisteddfod for 75 years. [3]
The National Eisteddfod crown was first awarded in 1867. [6] The crowning ceremony is presided over by the Archdruid, who invites one of the judges to read the adjudication and judges' comments before announcing the identity of the bard, using only the pen name that the winner has used when submitting the work. Up to this point, no one knows ...
The custom of chairing the bard is, however, much older than the modern eisteddfod ceremony, and is known to have taken place as early as 1176. [2] The chairing ceremony of the 1958 National Eisteddfod; the victorious poet was T. Llew Jones [3] The chair posthumously awarded to Taliesin o Eifion at the Wrexham Eisteddfod in 1876 [4]
The first chair made for the modern form of Eisteddfod was at the Carmarthen event of 1819. They became regular prizes after the National Eisteddfod was introduced in the 1860s. [ 8 ] In 2015 a 9-foot (2.7 m) high Eisteddfod chair was created and installed at the top of Cardigan Castle's East Tower, as a centrepiece of an exhibition about the ...
The Urdd National Eisteddfod (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Urdd Gobaith Cymru or Eisteddfod Genedlaethol yr Urdd) is an annual Welsh-language youth festival of literature, music and performing arts organised by Urdd Gobaith Cymru. It is the youth counterpart to the National Eisteddfod of Wales.