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The history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946 is known as the American colonial period, and began with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, when the Philippines was still a colony of the Spanish East Indies, and concluded when the United States formally recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines on ...
Memorandum circulars (Filipino: Memorandum sirkular), [2] according to Book III, Title I, Chapter II, Section 6 of Administrative Code of 1987, refer to the "Acts of the President on matters relating to internal administration, which the President desires to bring to the attention of all or some of the departments, agencies, bureaus or offices of the Government, for information or compliance." [7]
[12]: 2, 30 A class of educated individuals became known as the Ilustrados. This group included individuals who had studied at both local universities and Spanish ones, and came from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. They gained prominence in Philippine administration, and became increasingly involved in politics.
The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform ...
The sovereignty of the Philippines today rests with the independent Republic of the Philippines, established in 1946 after centuries of colonial rule under the Spanish Empire, the United States and briefly the Empire of Japan, and the repression of earlier kingdoms and insurgencies.
The American colonization of the Philippines abolished the First Republic, [11] which led to an American governor-general exercising executive power. [ 18 ] In 1935, the United States , pursuant to its promise of full Philippine sovereignty , [ 19 ] established the Commonwealth of the Philippines following the ratification of the 1935 ...
At 7:15 p.m. on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced on television that he had placed the Philippines under martial law, [1] [2] stating he had done so in response to the "communist threat" posed by the newly founded Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), and the sectarian "rebellion" of the Muslim Independence Movement (MIM).
The Short Course on Philippine Society and Revolution, a primer summarizing the core principles in PSR, breaks down the concepts into four parts: The Philippines is rich but the Filipino people are poor; The history of the Filipino people is the history of class struggle between the minority ruling class and the majority exploited class