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Choline is a quaternary ammonium cation.The cholines are a family of water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. [2] Choline is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine residue having three methyl groups attached to the same nitrogen atom.
As a result of cholinergic crisis, the muscles stop responding to the high synaptic levels of acetylcholine, leading to flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure, and other signs and symptoms reminiscent of organophosphate poisoning.
The toxicity of this compound is similar to toxicity of choline itself, which is fairly low, and it is used as a dietary supplement. Oral LD 50 value for a human is estimated to be 200 to 400 grams (as choline). Nevertheless, choline bitartrate can be harmful, if absorbed through skin. It may cause skin, eye and respiratory system irritation.
News research suggests that consuming a moderate amount of choline through foods such as eggs, cabbage, and shiitake mushrooms could help reduce the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.
In general, the word "choline" describes the various quaternary ammonium salts containing the N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation. Found in most animal tissues, choline is a primary component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and functions with inositol as a basic constituent of lecithin. Choline also prevents fat deposits in the liver ...
Although occasional stomach bloating is very common and usually resolves with simple changes to diet and lifestyle, it’s possible that it could be a sign of a more serious health issue.
CCK has been shown to interact with the cholecystokinin A receptor located mainly on pancreatic acinar cells and cholecystokinin B receptor mostly in the brain and stomach. CCK B receptor also binds gastrin, a gastrointestinal hormone involved in stimulating gastric acid release and growth of the gastric mucosa.
Causes Gastrectomy , gastric bypass surgery , diabetes , esophageal surgery , absent or inefficient pyloric sphincter , pyloric stenosis Dumping syndrome occurs when food, especially sugar, moves too quickly from the stomach to the duodenum —the first part of the small intestine—in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract .