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A girna near the Sopu Tower in the limits of Nadur, Gozo [1]. A girna (plural giren) is a type of traditional corbelled hut found in rural areas in parts of Malta. [2] They bear similarities with a number of dry stone vernacular building types found in other Mediterranean countries, and they are primarily used for storage or as temporary shelters.
Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular courses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar . Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt.
Rubble-work on Wyggeston's Chantry House in Leicester, built c. 1511 "Rubble-work" is a name applied to several types of masonry. [1] One kind, where the stones are loosely thrown together in a wall between boards and grouted with mortar almost like concrete, is called in Italian "muraglia di getto" and in French "bocage". [1]
Core-and-veneer, brick and rubble, wall and rubble, ashlar and rubble, and emplekton all refer to a building technique where two parallel walls are constructed and the core between them is filled with rubble or other infill, creating one thick wall. [1] Originally, and in later poorly constructed walls, the rubble was not consolidated.
English medieval walls often contain a mixture of cobbles, rubble and re-used brick, though the picture from Thetford shows almost exclusively cobbles. Some cobblestone architecture shows consistent matching in the size of the stones used, shape, and color. [ 5 ]
Fort St. Elmo, which had been severely damaged in the 1565 siege, was also rebuilt and integrated in the city walls. [6] The city of Valletta officially became the capital city of Malta and the seat of the Order on 18 March 1571, although it was still unfinished. [11] By the end of the 16th century, Valletta was the largest settlement in Malta ...
Wiggins-Collamer House is a historic home located at Malta in Saratoga County, New York. It was built about 1835 and is 1 + 1 ⁄ 2-story, five-by-two-bay, timber framed residence. It has a rectangular main block and 1-story rear wing. It represents a transitional Federal / Greek Revival period residence. [2]
The northern walls of Mdina still retain their medieval form with a few Hospitaller modifications, and they contain the only surviving tower in the city walls. [17] St. Mary's Bastion or Ta' Bachar Bastion, which was built in the 16th century, is grafted on the northwest corner of the city. [ 51 ]