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The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the US dollar until around the start of the 21st century, when Pakistan's large current-account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up versus the dollar. Pakistan's central bank then stabilized by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, in order to preserve the country's export competitiveness.
This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY). The rupee was worth one shilling and sixpence in sterling in 1947.
World map by current account balance (% of GDP), 2023, according to World Bank [1]. This is the list of countries by current account balance, expressed in current U.S. dollars and as percentage of GDP, based on the data published by World Bank, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
The Indus region, which covers most of the present-day Pakistan, was the site of several successive ancient cultures including the Neolithic (7000–4300 BCE) site of Mehrgarh, [32] [33] [34] and the 5,000-year history of urban life in South Asia to the various sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation, including Mohenjo-daro and Harappa. [35] [36]
Pakistani rupee (PKR) Urdu English: Head of State: Asif Ali Zardari Head of Government: Shehbaz Sharif: 2024 [141] Senegal Republic of Senegal Dakar: 196,722 18,847,519 90 4,324 0.517 West African CFA franc (XOF) French Wolof Pulaar: Head of State: Bassirou Diomaye Faye Head of Government: Ousmane Sonko: 2023 [142] Sri Lanka Democratic ...
Consequently, its currency has strengthened though less so than an exceptional rise in the Euro and Swiss Franc, rising approximately 20% in value relative to the US dollar from 2001 to 2011, contrasting to weakening in prior decades. Since 1 January 2003, the new shekel has been a freely convertible currency.
The U.S. dollar became an important international reserve currency after the First World War, and displaced the pound sterling as the world's primary reserve currency by the Bretton Woods Agreement towards the end of the Second World War. The dollar is the most widely used currency in international transactions, [4] and a free-floating currency.
Big Mac index, November 2022. The Big Mac Index is a price index published since 1986 by The Economist as an informal way of measuring the purchasing power parity (PPP) between two currencies and providing a test of the extent to which market exchange rates result in goods costing the same in different countries.