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  2. Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braids,_Links,_and_Mapping...

    Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups is a mathematical monograph on braid groups and their applications in low-dimensional topology.It was written by Joan Birman, based on lecture notes by James W. Cannon, [1] and published in 1974 by the Princeton University Press and University of Tokyo Press, as volume 82 of the book series Annals of Mathematics Studies.

  3. Absolutely and completely monotonic functions and sequences

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely_and_completely...

    The notions of completely and absolutely monotone function/sequence play an important role in several areas of mathematics. For example, in classical analysis they occur in the proof of the positivity of integrals involving Bessel functions or the positivity of Cesàro means of certain Jacobi series. [ 6 ]

  4. Cotangent sheaf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotangent_sheaf

    In algebraic geometry, given a morphism f: X → S of schemes, the cotangent sheaf on X is the sheaf of -modules / that represents (or classifies) S-derivations [1] in the sense: for any -modules F, there is an isomorphism

  5. Additional Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additional_Mathematics

    Each question may contain from zero to three subsets of questions with marks ranging from 2 to 8 marks. The total weighting of the paper is 80 marks and constitutes 44% of the grade. Paper 2 (Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes): Questions are categorised into 3 sections: A, B and C. Section A contains 7 questions which must all be answered. Section B ...

  6. Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

    Some areas of mathematics, such as statistics and game theory, are developed in close correlation with their applications and are often grouped under applied mathematics. Other areas are developed independently from any application (and are therefore called pure mathematics) but often later find practical applications. [2] [3]

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  8. Formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula

    A molecular formula enumerates the number of atoms to reflect those in the molecule, so that the molecular formula for glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6 rather than the glucose empirical formula, which is CH 2 O. Except for the very simple substances, molecular chemical formulas generally lack needed structural information, and might even be ambiguous in ...

  9. Lists of mathematics topics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_mathematics_topics

    Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." Number theory also studies the natural, or whole, numbers.