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Acantholysis is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, [1] seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. [2] It is absent in bullous pemphigoid , making it useful for differential diagnosis .
Acantholytic cells with direct immunofluorescence positivity With the use of direct immunofluorescence examination, the specificity of cytology for diagnosing pemphigus can be increased from 43% to 100%. Erythema multiforme, Toxic epidermal necrolysis Apoptotic and necrotic cells, absence of acantholytic cells
Keratinocytes are the primary type of cell found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. In humans, they constitute 90% of epidermal skin cells. [ 1 ] Basal cells in the basal layer ( stratum basale ) of the skin are sometimes referred to as basal keratinocytes . [ 2 ]
Actinic keratosis (AK), sometimes called solar keratosis or senile keratosis, [1] [2] is a pre-cancerous [3] area of thick, scaly, or crusty skin. [4] [5] Actinic keratosis is a disorder of epidermal keratinocytes that is induced by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure ().
Keratohyalin is a protein structure found in cytoplasmic granules of the keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.Keratohyalin granules (KHG) mainly consist of keratin, profilaggrin, [1] loricrin [2] and trichohyalin proteins which contribute to cornification or keratinization, the process of the formation of epidermal cornified cell envelope.
Grover's disease (GD) is a polymorphic, pruritic, papulovesicular dermatosis characterized histologically by acantholysis [2]: 529 with or without dyskeratosis. [3] Once confirmed, most cases of Grover's disease last six to twelve months, which is why it was originally called "transient".
[3] [4] The keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum do not feature distinct boundaries and are filled with eleidin, an intermediate form of keratin. They are surrounded by an oily substance that is the result of the exocytosis of lamellar bodies accumulated while the keratinocytes are moving through the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.
A seborrheic keratosis is a non-cancerous skin tumour that originates from cells, namely keratinocytes, in the outer layer of the skin called the epidermis. Like liver spots, seborrheic keratoses are seen more often as people age. [4] The tumours (also called lesions) appear in various colours, from light tan to black.