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The first successful Norwood procedure involving the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass was reported by Dr. William Imon Norwood, Jr. and colleagues in 1981. [2] [3] Variations of the Norwood procedure, or Stage 1 palliation, have been proposed and adopted over the last 30 years; however, its basic components have remained unchanged.
A Sano shunt is a shunt from the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation. [1] [2] [3]In contrast to a Blalock–Taussig shunt, circulation is primarily in systole. [citation needed]
William Imon Norwood Jr., also Bill Norwood (April 21, 1941 – December 13, 2020), was an American pediatric cardiac surgeon and physician. He was known for the Norwood procedure , a pioneering cardiac operation named after him for children born with Hypoplastic left heart syndrome .
Following the bidirectional Glenn shunt, failure of the procedure can be broadly categorized as failure of procedure, cardiac dysfunction related to surgery, or cardiac dysfunction leading to death before further surgical intervention. [8] Retrospective reviews demonstrate failure of the procedure in 6.5% of patients.
William Thornton Mustard OC MBE (August 8, 1914 – December 11, 1987) was a Canadian physician and cardiac surgeon.In 1949, he was one of the first to perform open-heart surgery using a mechanical heart pump and biological lung on a dog at the Banting Institute.
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Canine gastropexy is a surgical procedure performed most commonly in large breed dogs to prevent gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), commonly known as bloat. GDV is a life-threatening condition in which the stomach flips over and expands, trapping air and gases in the stomach.
In losing the game, the Bills lost their first of four consecutive Super Bowls. This loss was the closest the team got to victory, as the following three Super Bowls ended with the Bills losing by considerable margins (13 points to the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XXVI, 35 points to the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl XXVII, and 17 points to the Cowboys in Super Bowl XXVIII, respectively). [5]