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Magnesium oxide (Mg O), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide).It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg 2+ ions and O 2− ions held together by ionic bonding.
Manganese was first isolated in the 1770s. It is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. It improves strength, workability, and resistance to wear. Manganese oxide is used as an oxidising agent; as a rubber additive; and in glass making, fertilisers, and ceramics.
Parts-per-million cube of relative abundance by mass of elements in an average adult human body down to 1 ppm. About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium ...
When finely powdered, magnesium reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas: Mg(s) + 2 H 2 O(g) → Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) + 1203.6 kJ/mol. However, this reaction is much less dramatic than the reactions of the alkali metals with water, because the magnesium hydroxide builds up on the surface of the magnesium metal and inhibits further reaction ...
Chromium(IV) oxide is used to manufacture magnetic tape used in high-performance audio tape and standard audio cassettes. [93] Chromium(III) oxide (Cr 2 O 3) is a metal polish known as green rouge. [94] [95] Chromic acid is a powerful oxidizing agent and is a useful compound for cleaning laboratory glassware of any trace of organic compounds. [96]
Energy level scheme of the σ and π orbitals of carbon monoxide The HOMO of CO is a σ MO. The LUMO of CO is a π* antibonding MO. Most metals form coordination complexes containing covalently attached carbon monoxide. These derivatives, which are called metal carbonyls, tend to be more
Nickel(II) chloride is made by dissolving nickel or its oxide in hydrochloric acid. It is usually found as the green hexahydrate, whose formula is usually written NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O. When dissolved in water, this salt forms the metal aquo complex [Ni(H 2 O) 6] 2+. Dehydration of NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O gives yellow anhydrous NiCl 2. [48]
The hydration shell of the Mg 2+ ion has a very tightly bound inner shell of six water molecules and a relatively tightly bound second shell containing 12–14 water molecules (Markham et al., 2002). Thus, it is presumed that recognition of the Mg 2+ ion requires some mechanism to interact initially with the hydration shell of Mg 2+ , followed ...