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Intraoral X-rays or a 3-D cone beam scan of the affected area can be used to obtain radiological images and confirm diagnosis of cysts in the periapical area. Circular or ovoid radiolucency surrounding the root tip of approximately 1-1.5 cm in diameter is indicative of the presence of a periapical cyst. [2]
The radiolucency is generally well defined and well corticated. The radiolucency often have a sclerotic border indicating bony reaction, but a secondarily infected cyst may display ill-defined borders. However, a large dentigerous cyst may give the impression of a multilocular process due to the persistence of bone trabeculae within the ...
Periapical granuloma, [1] also sometimes referred to as a radicular granuloma or apical granuloma, is an inflammation at the tip of a dead (nonvital) tooth. It is a lesion or mass that typically starts out as an epithelial lined cyst, and undergoes an inward curvature that results in inflammation of granulation tissue at the root tips of a dead tooth.
The pain associated with pulp necrosis is often described as spontaneous. [15] Hot temperatures are reported to have exacerbating factors, and cold temperatures are said to soothe this pain. In some cases, the pain presents as a long dull ache as this is due to necrosis of the apical nerves being the last part of the pulp to necrose.
In a study, 14.7% of patients were symptomatic, with pain being the most common symptom and may be associated with osteomyelitis. [2] Other symptoms may include hypoesthesia, paresthesia, and discomfort. [3] In rare instances, patients may experience associated facial swelling with the presence or absence of pain due to concurrent infection. [4]
Historically, the cause of nasopalatine duct cysts has been somewhat of an enigma. Although it was originally postulated that the cyst formed from trapped epithelial cells during embryonic fusion of the palatal bones, [3] it is now thought that it forms from oronasal ducts present within the incisive canals.
Condensing osteitis, also known as focal sclerosing osteomyelitis, is a rare periapical inflammatory condition characterized by the formation of sclerotic bone near the roots of premolars and molars. This condition arises as a response to dental infections, such as periapical pulp inflammation or low-intensity trauma.
A periapical granuloma (also referred to as an 'apical granuloma' or 'radicular granuloma') is a mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue that forms at the apex of the root of a nonvital (dead) tooth. [12] (Although not a true granuloma, given the absence of granulomatous inflammation, the term 'periapical granuloma' is widely accepted ...