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Nationalization may produce other effects, such as reducing competition in the marketplace, which in turn reduces incentives to innovation and maintains high prices. In the short run, nationalization can provide a larger revenue stream for government but may cause that industry to falter depending on the motivations of the nationalizing party. [9]
The phrase is sometimes related to the term class warfare, where the redistribution is alleged to counteract harm caused by high-income earners and the wealthy through means such as unfairness and discrimination. [4] Redistribution tax policy should not be confused with predistribution policies. "Predistribution" is the idea that the state ...
The author cites France and to a lesser extent Italy as the prime examples of modern European state capitalism. [85] A general theory of capitalist forms, whereby state capitalism is a particular case, was developed by Ernesto Screpanti , who argued that Soviet-type economies of the 20th century used state capitalism to sustain processes of ...
A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), Gross national income (GNI), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income (NNI adjusted for natural resource depletion – also called as NNI at factor cost).
Almost every aspect of government has an important economic component. A few examples of the kinds of economic policies that exist include: [1] Macroeconomic stabilization policy, which attempts to keep the money supply growing at a rate that does not result in excessive inflation, and attempts to smooth out the business cycle.
An example of this is the high cost of political campaigning in some countries, in particular in the US (more generally, see also plutocratic finance). Because these mechanisms are non-exclusive, it is possible for all three explanations to work together for a compounding effect, increasing wealth concentration even further.
The White House and Treasury Department may decide to convert the government's existing loans to the nation's 19 largest banks into common shares, just like it did with Citigroup (C), in order to ...
1868 Nationalisation of inland telegraphs under the General Post Office with the Telegraph Act 1868. [69] 1875 Suez Canal Company - The Egyptian share in the company was bought by the government. 1912 Nationalisation of National Telephone Company under the GPO, apart from Portsmouth and Hull. The Portsmouth telephone service was nationalised ...