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In organic chemistry, an addition reaction is an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule called the adduct. [1] [2]An addition reaction is limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds.
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C 2 H 4 or H 2 C=CH 2.It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. [7] It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).
Phase behavior Triple point: 104 K (−169 °C), 120 Pa Critical point: 282.5 K (9.4 °C), 50.6 bar Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ fus H o +3.35 kJ/mol Std entropy change
Thomas Graham. Graham's law of effusion (also called Graham's law of diffusion) was formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham in 1848. [1] Graham found experimentally that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of its particles. [1]
1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula C 2 H 4 Br 2.Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where it is probably formed by algae and kelp, substantial amounts are produced industrially.
An example of the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction can be seen in the preparation of alanine from propionic acid.In the first step, a combination of bromine and phosphorus tribromide is used in the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction to prepare 2-bromopropionic acid, [3] which in the second step is converted to a racemic mixture of the amino acid product by ammonolysis.
[2] [3] [4] This type of reaction is also called a 1,2-nucleophilic addition. The stereochemistry of this type of nucleophilic attack is not an issue, when both alkyl substituents are dissimilar and there are not any other controlling issues such as chelation with a Lewis acid, the reaction product is a racemate. Addition reactions of this type ...