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Chicory may be cultivated for its leaves, usually eaten raw as salad leaves. Cultivated chicory is generally divided into three types, of which there are many varieties: [28] Radicchio usually has variegated red or red and green leaves. Some only refer to the white-veined red-leaved type as radicchio, also known as red endive and red chicory.
[4] [2] The genus includes two cultivated species commonly known as chicory or endive, plus several wild species. [5] Flower of common chicory (Cichorium intybus) Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a bushy perennial herb with blue or lavender (or, rarely, white or pink) flowers. It grows as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and ...
Endive (/ ˈ ɛ n d aɪ v,-d ɪ v, ˈ ɑː n d iː v /) [3] is a leaf vegetable belonging to the genus Cichorium, which includes several similar bitter-leafed vegetables.Species include Cichorium endivia (also called endive), Cichorium pumilum (also called wild endive), and Cichorium intybus (also called chicory).
Use of chicory as a coffee substitute became widespread in France early in the 19th century due to coffee shortages resulting from the Continental Blockade. It was used during the American Civil War in Louisiana, and remains popular in New Orleans. [10] Chicory mixed with coffee is also popular in South India, and is known as Indian filter coffee.
Consumption of chicory coffee developed in the early 19th century, following the continental blockade; Nord-Pas-de-Calais supplies 95% of French production, and the Leroux chicory company is the world's leading producer. [79] Chicory is usually added to ground coffee for breakfast, but can also be consumed without the addition of coffee.
Familiar members of Cichorioideae include lettuce, dandelions, chicory and Gazania species. The subfamily comprises about 240 genera and about 2900 species . It is heterogeneous and hard to characterize except with molecular characters.
Cichorium spinosum, the spiny chicory, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A biennial or perennial reaching 20 cm (8 in), is both collected in the wild and cultivated as a leafy green vegetable.
Puntarelle or cicoria di catalogna or cicoria asparago is a variant of chicory. The heads are characterized by an elongated shape (about 40–50 cm), light green stems and dandelion shaped leaves. 'Puntarelle' shoots have a pleasantly bitter taste.