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  2. Anglo-Saxon runes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes

    This was done by having a rune stand for its name, or a similar sounding word. In the sole extant manuscript of the poem Beowulf, the ēðel rune was used as a logogram for the word ēðel (meaning "homeland", or "estate"). [12] Both the Hackness Stone and Codex Vindobonensis 795 attest to futhorc Cipher runes. [13]

  3. List of kennings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kennings

    blood-ember Blóðeisu: N: Einarr Skúlason, Øxarflokkr 7 battle spear-din N: Snorri Sturluson, Skaldskaparmal: blood dead-slave N: blood battle-sweat One reference for this kenning comes from the epic poem, Beowulf. As Beowulf is in fierce combat with Grendel's mother, he makes mention of shedding much battle-sweat. N: Beowulf: blood wound ...

  4. Óðr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Óðr

    Óðr again leaves the grieving Freyja in Odur verläßt abermals die trauernde Gattin (1882), Carl Emil Doepler 'The Elder'.. In Norse mythology, Óðr (; Old Norse for the "Divine Madness, frantic, furious, vehement, eager", as a noun "mind, feeling" and also "song, poetry"; Orchard (1997) gives "the frenzied one" [1]) or Óð, sometimes anglicized as Odr or Od, is a figure associated with ...

  5. Shield-maiden - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield-maiden

    The term Shield-maiden is a calque of the Old Norse: skjaldmær.Since Old Norse has no word that directly translates to warrior, but rather drengr, rekkr and seggr can all refer to male warrior and bragnar can mean warriors, it is problematic to say that the term meant female warrior to Old Norse speakers.

  6. Einherjar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einherjar

    In chapter 35, High quotes the Grímnismál valkyrie list, and says that these valkyries wait in Valhalla, and there serve drink, and look after tableware and drinking vessels in Valhalla. In addition, High says that Óðinn sends valkyries to every battle, that they allot death to men, and govern victory.

  7. Berserker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berserker

    The latter part is an old germanic word, meaning "shirt" and thereof (also found in Middle English, see serk). The first part, ber , on the other hand, can linguistically mean several things, but is assumed to have most likely meant " bear ", with the full phrase, berserk , meaning just "bear-shirt", as in "someone who wears a coat made out of ...

  8. Laguz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguz

    Laguz or *Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune ᛚ, *laguz meaning "water" or "lake" and *laukaz meaning "leek". In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu "ocean". In the Younger Futhark, the rune is called lögr "waterfall" in Icelandic and logr "water" in Norse.

  9. Beowulf (hero) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf_(hero)

    English philologist Walter William Skeat proposed an etymological origin in a term for "Woodpecker" citing the Old Dutch term biewolf for the bird. Skeat states that the black woodpecker is common in Norway and Sweden and further reasons that the "indominatable nature" and that the "bird fights to the death" might have influenced the choice of the name. [7]