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Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C 14 H 10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes. Anthracene is colorless but exhibits a blue (400–500 nm peak) fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation. [13]
As a result, while anthracene reacts with maleic acid, phenanthrene does not, and triphenylene is the most stable species of these three. [1] Three Clar structures with an increasing number of π-sextets: anthracene (on the left), phenanthrene (in the middle), and triphenylene (on the right).
Phenanthrene is used to make dyes, plastics, pesticides, explosives, and drugs. It has also been used to make bile acids, cholesterol and steroids. [3] Phenanthrene occurs naturally and also is a man-made chemical. Commonly, humans are exposed to phenanthrene through inhalation of cigarette smoke, but there are many routes of exposure.
A Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple aromatic rings.Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter— by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, [1] or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires.
Since the DBA dianion is isoelectronic with anthracene, the first step involves the formal [4+2] cycloaddition, which resembles the reaction with benzophenone. After the formation of the C-O-bridged intermediate, it was proposed that the heterolytic cleavage of the longer B-O bond allows the formation of a transient B-O frustrated lewis pair ...
A Jablonski diagram describing the mechanism of triplet-triplet annihilation. The energy of the first triplet excited state (T 1) is transferred to a second triplet excited state (T 1), resulting in (1) the first T 1 returning to the singlet ground state S0 and (2) the second T 1 promoting to the singlet excited state (S 1).
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1-Hydroxyphenanthrene is a phenanthrol and a human metabolite of phenanthrene that can be detected in urine of persons exposed to PAHs. [ 1 ] It can also be used as a marker for PAH pollution measured in marine fish bile.