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Carya ovata var. ovata (northern shagbark hickory) has its largest leaflets over 20 cm (8 in) long and nuts 3–4 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 8 – 1 + 5 ⁄ 8 in) long. Carya ovata var. australis (southern shagbark hickory or Carolina hickory) has its largest leaflets under 20 cm (8 in) long and nuts 2–3 cm (3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 in) long.
The current oak–hickory forest includes the former range of the oak–chestnut forest region, which encompassed the northeast portion of the current oak–hickory range. When the American chestnut population succumbed to invasive fungal blight in the early 20th century, those forests shifted to an oak and hickory dominated ecosystem.
hickory, sand: Carya pallida: 2010: 85 in (220 cm) 76 ft (23 m) 23 ft (7.0 m) Cherokee: hickory, shagbark: Carya ovata: 2008: 92 in (230 cm) 119 ft (36 m) 67 ft (20 m) Etowah: hickory, shellbark: Carya laciniosa: 2007: 102 in (260 cm) 112 ft (34 m) 90 ft (27 m) Madison hickory, water: Carya aquatica: 2001: 152 in (390 cm) 136 ft (41 m) 78 ft ...
Carya laciniosa, the shellbark hickory, in the Juglandaceae or walnut family is also called kingnut, big, bottom, thick, or western shellbark, attesting to some of its characteristics. It is a slow-growing, long-lived tree, hard to transplant because of its long taproot, and subject to insect damage.
Carya laciniosa (shellbark hickory) [54] Broadly, but not commonly, distributed. The wood is used for tool handles and furniture. The nuts are the largest among the hickories, providing food for wildlife. Uses: timber; palatable food, sap resins, veneers. [55] ME, the eastern Midwest, the Mid-Atlantic and the Southeast
Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata) has over 130 named cultivars. They are a valuable source of food for wildlife, and were eaten by indigenous peoples of the Americas and settlers alike. [47] Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa) nuts are sweet, and are the largest of the hickories. They are also eaten by a wide variety of wildlife.
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Oak-hickory forests with species like Quercus rubra (northern red oak) and Carya ovata (shagbark hickory) dominate lower, drier slopes. Pinus rigida (pitch pine) and Quercus ilicifolia (bear oak) cover the highest elevations in the south. Isolated old-growth forests remain in Mount Washington State Forest and Mount Everett State Reservation.