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Biogas is a gaseous renewable energy source [1] produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste, wastewater, and food waste. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic organisms or methanogens inside an anaerobic digester , biodigester or a bioreactor .
The scope for biogas generation from nonsewage waste biological matter – energy crops, food waste, abattoir waste, etc. - is much higher, estimated to be capable of about 3,000 MW. [94] Farm biogas plants using animal waste and energy crops are expected to contribute to reducing CO 2 emissions and strengthen the grid, while providing UK ...
Agricultural wastes: Fruits, molasses, stems, plant straw, and bagasse (residue after crushing sugarcane or sorghum stalks). Industrial wastes: Food/beverage processing waste, dairy wastes, starch/sugar industries wastes, slaughterhouse wastes, and brewery wastes. [1] These are just some of the different sources that anaerobic digestate can ...
The diversion of edible food biomass to the production of biofuels could theoretically result in competition with food and land uses for food crops. First-generation bioethanol is produced by fermenting plant-derived sugars to ethanol, using a similar process to that used in beer and wine-making (see Ethanol fermentation).
Energy crops are low-cost and low-maintenance crops grown solely for renewable bioenergy production (not for food). The crops are processed into solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, such as pellets, bioethanol or biogas. The fuels are burned to generate electrical power or heat. The plants are generally categorized as woody or herbaceous.
Landfill gas, a less clean form of biogas, is produced in landfills through naturally occurring anaerobic digestion. If it escapes into the atmosphere, it acts as a greenhouse gas. In Sweden, "waste-to-energy" power plants capture methane biogas from garbage and use it to power transport systems. [75]
Swiss Kompogas and the Danish AIKAN process are examples of anaerobic digestion of biodegradable waste. [8] [9] While incineration can recover the most energy, anaerobic digestion plants retain nutrients and make compost for soil amendment and still recover some of the contained energy in the form of biogas.
Anaerobic digestion harnesses anaerobic microorganisms to break down the biodegradable component of the waste to produce biogas and soil improver. The biogas can be used to generate electricity and heat. Biological can also refer to a composting stage. Here the organic component is broken down by naturally occurring aerobic microorganisms.