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Thus, the total fixed cost equals Kr. Labor is the variable input, meaning that the amount of labor used varies with the level of output. In the short run, the only way to vary output is by varying the amount of the variable input. Labor usage is denoted L and the per unit cost, or wage rate, is denoted w, so the variable cost is Lw.
In economics, the marginal cost is the change in the total cost that arises when the quantity produced is increased, i.e. the cost of producing additional quantity. [1] In some contexts, it refers to an increment of one unit of output, and in others it refers to the rate of change of total cost as output is increased by an infinitesimal amount.
If the business uses a room, a sewing machine, and 8 hours of a laborer's time with 6 yards of cloth to make a shirt, then the cost of labor and cloth increases if two shirts are produced, and those are the variable costs. The facility and equipment are fixed costs, incurred regardless of whether even one shirt is made.
Common activity bases used in the calculation include direct labor costs, direct labor hours, or machine hours. This is related to an activity rate which is a similar calculation used in activity-based costing. A pre-determined overhead rate is normally the term when using a single, plant-wide base to calculate and apply overhead.
In the direct labor cost we need to have the job time and wage we will pay it to the worker to calculate the direct labor cost as in this formulation: [1] - = Depending on the context, there are various methods to calculate personnel costs, such as on an hourly or daily basis.
Cost-plus pricing is not common in markets that are (nearly) perfectly competitive, for which prices and output are such that marginal cost (the cost of producing an additional unit) equals marginal revenue. In the long run, marginal and average costs (as for cost-plus) tend to converge, reducing the difference between the two strategies.
In microeconomics, the marginal factor cost (MFC) is the increment to total costs paid for a factor of production resulting from a one-unit increase in the amount of the factor employed. [1] It is expressed in currency units per incremental unit of a factor of production (input), such as labor , per unit of time.
Economic cost is the combination of losses of any goods that have a value attached to them by any one individual. [1] [2] Economic cost is used mainly by economists as means to compare the prudence of one course of action with that of another. The comparison includes the gains and losses precluded by taking a course of action as well as those ...