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Indus Valley Civilisation Alternative names Harappan civilisation ancient Indus Indus civilisation Geographical range Basins of the Indus river, Pakistan and the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river, eastern Pakistan and northwestern India Period Bronze Age South Asia Dates c. 3300 – c. 1300 BCE Type site Harappa Major sites Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi Preceded by Mehrgarh ...
Fortified settlement. Mature and late Harappan phases of civilisation found. Harappan jar shards, burial cairns, boundary stones to mark graves found. Closely resembles Dholavira and has evidence of being an ancient seaport. Nageshwar Kutch District: Gujarat: India: Shell working site [43] Navinal Kutch district: Gujarat: India [44] Nausharo ...
Harappan cities featured urban and social elements such as roads, fire pits, kilns, and industrial buildings, and were primarily functional in purpose rather than aesthetic. [8] The city sewerage, plumbing, and drainage systems were distributed in the network of the grid planning by early hydro-engineers to be functionally used and maintained. [9]
Harappa is the type site of the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation ("IVC"), as it was the first IVC site to be excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India during the British Raj, although its significance did not become manifest until the discovery of Mohenjo-daro some years later.
Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation. [1] [2] While the Indus Valley Civilisation was divided into Early, Mature, and Late Harappan by archaeologists like Mortimer Wheeler, [3] newer periodisations include the Neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stage–phase model, [1] [4] [3] often combining terminology from various systems.
Harappan may refer to: Aspects related to Harappa, an archaeological site (c. 3300–1600 BC) and city in Punjab in northeast Pakistan; The Indus Valley civilisation or Harappan civilisation, a Bronze Age civilisation that throve along Indus River c. 3300 – c. 1700 BC Harappan architecture of the ancient Indus Valley civilisation of Harappa
Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of Western civilization.
Established as the ancient city of Indraprastha, the later capital of the Kuru empire (after Hastinapura) by the ruling Kuru dynasty, around 12th-9th BCE over the Upper Ganges-Yamuna doabs of Northern India. Varanasi: Kashi India: c. 1200 BC [128] [129] Oldest continuously inhabited city in India. Finds its mention in Ancient Vedas. Sayram ...