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Phomopsis blight of juniper is a foliar disease discovered in 1917 [1] caused by the fungal pathogen Phomopsis juniperovora.The fungus infects new growth of juniper trees or shrubs, i.e. the seedlings or young shoots of mature trees.
Downy mildew is primarily controlled through the use of several fungicides applied during midseason. The fungicides used include azoxystrobin, copper, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and maneb. Farmers in Florida who regularly use fungicides have been shown to reduce yield losses due to downy mildew to as low as 2%. [67]
This is a list of fungicides. These are chemical compounds which have been registered as agricultural fungicides . The names on the list are the ISO common name for the active ingredient which is formulated into the branded product sold to end-users. [ 1 ]
Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) is an organic compound mainly used as a broad spectrum, nonsystemic fungicide, with other uses as a wood protectant, pesticide, acaricide, and to control mold, mildew, bacteria, algae. [2] Chlorothalonil-containing products are sold under the names Bravo, Echo, and Daconil.
Fludioxonil is a synthetic phenylpyrrole chemical introduced by Ciba-Geigy (now Syngenta) in 1993 for use as a non-systemic fungicide. It is a structural analog of the natural fungicide pyrrolnitrin. It is used for the treatment of crops, particularly cereals, fruits and vegetables, and ornamental plants.
Copper fungicides work by slowly releasing positively charged copper ions Cu + and Cu 2+ in concentrations that interact with nucleic acids, interfere with energy transport, disrupt enzyme activity, and affect the integrity of cell membranes of pathogens. [5] [6] Both ions have fungicidal and bactericidal activity.
Fluopyram is a fungicide and nematicide used in agriculture. [2] [3] It is used to control fungal diseases such as gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew, apple scab, Alternaria, Sclerotinia, and Monilinia. It is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI fungicide). [4]
In some large acreage crops, fungicides are applied by air. The process is expensive and fungicide application is best reserved for seasons when foliar diseases are severe. Research indicates, the higher the foliar disease severity, the greater the return from the use of fungicides. [25] Southern corn rust disease, can be confused with common rust.