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18,000,000 people passed through the Gulag's camps [1] [2] [3] 53 Gulag camp directorates (colloquially referred to as simply "camps") and 423 labor colonies in the Soviet Union as of March 1940 [4] The tentative consensus in contemporary Soviet historiography is that roughly 1,600,000 [b] died due to detention in the camps. [1] [2] [3]
Unlike Gulag camps, located primarily in remote areas (mostly in Siberia), most of the POW camps after the war were located in the European part of the Soviet Union (with notable exceptions of the Japanese POW in the Soviet Union), where the prisoners worked on restoration of the country's infrastructure destroyed during the war: roads ...
Alexander Dolgun was born on 29 September 1926 in the Bronx, New York, to Michael Dolgun, an immigrant from Poland, and his wife, Annie.In 1933, Michael travelled to the Soviet Union as a short-term technician at Moscow Automotive Works.
The fence at the old Gulag camp in Perm-36, founded in 1943 Political prisoners on a break inside a mine in Dzhezkazgan, part of the Soviet Gulag system, in 1951–1960. In Imperial Russia, penal labor camps were known by the name katorga. The first Soviet camps were organized in June 1918 for the detention of Czechoslovak soldiers. [139]
Of the latter ones about 600 cases were confirmed and about 100 proved to be false. Many of all of these claimed dual Polish and American citizenship. The mistreatment of American citizens ranged from denying consular access to incarceration in a gulag to execution. Most of them, together with the local population, were forcibly assigned Soviet ...
Officially, the Gulag was terminated by the MVD order 20 of January 25, 1960. [ 15 ] During the period of Stalinism , the Gulag labor camps in the Soviet Union were officially called "Corrective labor camps".
The author of the book, Anne Applebaum, has been described as a "historian with a particular expertise in the history of communist and post-communist Europe." [5] Gulag was Applebaum's first widely acclaimed publication, followed by Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944-1956 published in 2012 and Red Famine: Stalin's War on Ukraine published in 2017.
"Archipelago", as used by Foucault, refers to Alexander Solzhenitsyn's book, The Gulag Archipelago: An Experiment in Literary Investigation, about the Soviet carceral system of forced labor. [7] The book described the Russian Gulag's vast network of dozens of camps and hundreds of labour colonies scattered across the Soviet Union. [8]