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The ancient history of Afghanistan, also referred to as the pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan, dates back to the prehistoric era and the Helmand civilization around 3300–2350 BCE. Archaeological exploration began in Afghanistan in earnest after World War II and proceeded until the late 1970s during the Soviet–Afghan War .
The history of Afghanistan covers the development of Afghanistan from ancient times to the establishment of the Emirate of Afghanistan in 1823 and Afghanistan in modern times. This history is largely shared with that of Central Asia , Persia , and the Indian subcontinent .
Map of Europe based on Strabo's geography, showing the Cassiterides just off the northwest tip of Iberia By classical Greek times, the tin sources were well established. Greece and the Western Mediterranean appear to have traded their tin from European sources, while the Middle East acquired their tin from Central Asian sources through the Silk ...
Afghanistan is famous for its rich cultural and religious history. As a result of the country’s position on the Silk Road, Afghanistan has been home to many communities from all around Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. [1] It is a country that can date its human activity back to the Palaeolithic period (c. 30,000 BCE).
In the Greco-Roman world, Ariana was a geographical term referring to a general area of land between Central Asia [1] and the Indus River. [2] Situated far to the east in the Achaemenid Empire, [3] it covered a number of satrapies spanning what is today the entirety of Afghanistan, the easternmost parts of Iran, and the westernmost parts of Pakistan.
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.
'Amalgamated Map of the Great Ming Empire') world map, likely made in the late 14th or the 15th century, [33] shows China at the centre and Europe, half-way round the globe, depicted very small and horizontally compressed at the edge. The coast of Africa is also mapped from an Indian Ocean perspective, showing the Cape of Good Hope area.
In classical antiquity, Europe was assumed to cover the quarter of the globe north of the Mediterranean, an arrangement that was adhered to in medieval T and O maps. Ptolemy's world map of the 2nd century already had a reasonably precise description of southern and western Europe, but was unaware of particulars of northern and eastern Europe.