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In some sects of Taoism, Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism, and Chinese folk religion, it is held that he then became an immortal hermit. [2] Certain Taoist devotees held that the Tao Te Ching was the avatar – embodied as a book – of the god Laojun , one of the Three Pure Ones of the Taoist pantheon, though few philosophers believe this.
Laozi (Lao Tzu) is traditionally regarded as the founder of the Taoist religion and is closely associated in this context with "original", or "primordial", Taoism. [1] Whether he actually existed is disputed, [ 2 ] and the work attributed to him – the Daodejing ( Tao Te Ching ) – is dated between the 8th and 3rd century BC.
Ziran (自然; zìrán; tzu-jan; lit. "self-so", "self-organization" [157]) is regarded as a central concept and value in Taoism and as a way of flowing with the Tao. [ 158 ] [ 159 ] It describes the "primordial state" of all things [ 160 ] as well as a basic character of the Tao, [ 161 ] and is usually associated with spontaneity and ...
Lao Tzu (also known as Laozi) was one of the most influential philosophers in Chinese history. He's also the author of the Tao Te Ching, a foundational text of Taoism—so it's no wonder we have ...
The Tao Te Ching is central to both philosophical and religious Taoism, and has been highly influential to Chinese philosophy and religious practice in general. It is generally taken as preceding the Zhuangzi , the other core Taoist text. [ 8 ]
Tao Te Ching chapters 18 and 19 parallel ci ("parental love") with xiao (孝 "filial love; filial piety"). Wing-tsit Chan [3] believes "the first is the most important" of the Three Treasures, and compares ci with Confucianist ren (仁 "humaneness; benevolence"), which the Tao Te Ching (e.g., chapters 5 and 38) mocks.
Bagua diagram from Zhao Huiqian's (趙撝謙) Liushu benyi (六書本義, c. 1370s).. The Daodejing (also known as the Laozi after its purported author, terminus ante quem 3rd-century BCE) has traditionally been seen as the central and founding Taoist text, though historically, it is only one of the many different influences on Taoist thought, and at times, a marginal one at that. [12]
A central tenet in most varieties of religious Taoism is that the Tao is ever-present, but must be manifested, cultivated, and/or perfected to be realized. It is the source of the Universe, and the seed of its primordial purity resides in all things. Breathing exercises, according to some Taoists, allowed one to absorb "parts of the universe."