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Ménière's disease is characterized by episodes of vertigo, worsening hearing loss, and tinnitus. A comprehensive hearing and vestibular evaluation is essential for proper diagnosis of Ménière's.
Vertigo typically indicates a problem in a part of the vestibular system. [2] Other causes of dizziness include presyncope, disequilibrium, and non-specific dizziness. [2] Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is more likely in someone who gets repeated episodes of vertigo with movement and is otherwise normal between these episodes. [9]
Cochlear hydrops preferentially affects the apex of the cochlea where low-frequency sounds are interpreted. Due to the fluid imbalance in this area, parts of the cochlea are stretched or under more tension than usual, which can lead to distortions of sound, changes in pitch perception, or hearing loss, all usually in the low frequencies.
Each episode of vertigo typically lasts less than one minute. [3] Nausea is commonly associated. [7] BPPV is one of the most common causes of vertigo. [1] [2] [8] BPPV is a type of balance disorder along with labyrinthitis and Ménière's disease. [3] It can result from a head injury or simply occur among those who are older. [3]
Ménière's is characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus; episodes may be preceded by a headache and a feeling of fullness in the ears. [4] People may also experience additional symptoms related to irregular reactions of the autonomic nervous system .
Hearing loss may have many different causes, but among those with tinnitus, the major cause is cochlear injury. [36] In many cases no underlying cause is identified. [2] [38] Ototoxic drugs also may cause subjective tinnitus, as they may cause hearing loss, [15] or increase the damage done by exposure to loud noise. [39]
What causes tinnitus? New research suggests that it may be due to hidden hearing loss, not detected on common hearing tests, and may have similarities to phantom limb pain.
TTTS can present as a variety of symptoms, including sensation of fullness in the ear, tinnitus, rhythmic sounds such as clicks and flutter of the tympanic membrane, ear fullness, a frequent "popping" sensation, hyperacusis, and mild vertigo. [3] These symptoms tend to last for a short period of time.
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