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Decreased incidence of primary dysmenorrhea, ovulation pain, and functional ovarian cysts. Decreased incidence of seizures in women with epilepsy . Additionally, unlike most other hormonal contraceptives, DMPA's contraceptive effectiveness is not affected by enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs .
[215] [216] [217] Accordingly, progestogens, both endogenous and exogenous (i.e., progestins), have antigonadotropic effects, [218] and progestogens in sufficiently high amounts can markedly suppress the body's normal production of progestogens, androgens, and estrogens as well as inhibit fertility (ovulation in women and spermatogenesis in men).
In particular, prostaglandins induce abdominal contractions that can cause pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. [8] [9] The use of certain types of birth control pills can prevent the symptoms of dysmenorrhea because they stop ovulation from occurring. Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased pain sensitivity and heavy menstrual bleeding. [10] [11]
It is believed that combined hormonal contraceptives work primarily by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. Progestogen-only contraceptives can also prevent ovulation, but rely more significantly on the thickening of cervical mucus. Ormeloxifene does not affect ovulation, and its mechanism of action is not well understood.
Levonorgestrel is a hormonal medication which is used in a number of birth control methods. [3] [7] It is combined with an estrogen to make combination birth control pills. [8]As an emergency birth control, sold under the brand names Plan B One-Step and Julie, among others, it is useful within 72 hours of unprotected sex.
Both of these types of pills work to shift your natural hormone levels in order to interrupt the normal signaling in your brain that tells your ovaries when to ovulate. The result: the release of ...
If you are unsure about what kind of birth control is right for you, board-certified gynecologist Dr. Nicole Sparks has given us the scoop.
Over time, insulin resistance and high blood sugar—two characteristics of diabetes—can damage blood vessels and impact nitric oxide production, which L-arginine supplements may help counter ...