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Confuciusornis is a genus of basal crow-sized avialan from the Early Cretaceous Period of the Yixian and Jiufotang Formations of China, dating from 125 to 120 million years ago. Like modern birds, Confuciusornis had a toothless beak, but closer and later relatives of modern birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis were toothed, indicating that ...
The group was given a phylogenetic definition by Chiappe, in 1999, who defined a node-based clade Confuciusornithidae to include only Changchengornis and Confuciusornis. [3] There are a number of features that define the clade. The most significant is the presence of a toothless jaw, which shows a more birdlike adaptation compared to Archaeopteryx.
Praeornis, from the Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian of Kazakhstan, may have been the earliest known member of Enantiornithes according to Agnolin et al. (2017). [13]Birds with confidently identified characteristics of Enantiornithes found in Albian of Australia, Maastrichtian of South America, and Campanian of Mexico (Alexornis [14]), Mongolia and western edge of prehistoric Asia suggest a worldwide ...
Eoconfuciusornis was somewhat smaller than Confuciusornis, but otherwise very similar with a pointed toothless beak. Compared to the latter it had longer legs and lacked a pierced deltopectoral crest on the humerus. [1] Eoconfuciusornis was assigned to the Confuciusornithidae.
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组; pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota).
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Pygostylia has been recovered as being within the clade Avebrevicauda.Avebrevicauda (meaning "birds with short tails") is a group of birds which includes all avialan species with ten or fewer free vertebrae in the tail.
The skull is flattened, about 50 millimetres (2.0 in) long. It is lightly built and toothless, with a short mouth and robust premaxillae presumably possessing a horny beak. These characteristics are similar to those of Confuciusornis. The forelimbs, though incomplete, are generally similar to those of Archaeopteryx.