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While different in nature, data redundancy also occurs in database systems that have values repeated unnecessarily in one or more records or fields, ...
Previously, computer systems were tape based, meaning records could only be accessed sequentially. [3] Organizations quickly adopted databases for storage and retrieval of data. The traditional approach for storing data was to use a centralized database, and users would query the data from various points over a network. [1]
Data compression aims to reduce the size of data files, enhancing storage efficiency and speeding up data transmission. K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, is employed to partition a dataset into a specified number of clusters, k, each represented by the centroid of its points. This process condenses extensive ...
Time redundancy, performing the same operation multiple times such as multiple executions of a program or multiple copies of data transmitted; Software redundancy such as N-version programming; A modified form of software redundancy, applied to hardware may be: Distinct functional redundancy, such as both mechanical and hydraulic braking in a car.
An example of a data-integrity mechanism is the parent-and-child relationship of related records. If a parent record owns one or more related child records all of the referential integrity processes are handled by the database itself, which automatically ensures the accuracy and integrity of the data so that no child record can exist without a parent (also called being orphaned) and that no ...
Redundancy (information theory), the number of bits used to transmit a message minus the number of bits of actual information in the message; Redundancy in total quality management, quality which exceeds the required quality level, creating unnecessarily high costs; The same task executed by several different methods in a user interface
Redundancy of compressed data refers to the difference between the expected compressed data length of messages () (or expected data rate () /) and the entropy (or entropy rate ). (Here we assume the data is ergodic and stationary , e.g., a memoryless source.)
The idea of incorporating redundancy in order to improve the reliability of a system was pioneered by John von Neumann in the 1950s. [24] Two kinds of redundancy are possible: [25] space redundancy and time redundancy. Space redundancy provides additional components, functions, or data items that are unnecessary for fault-free operation.