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The geniohyoid is a paired short muscle that arises from the inferior mental spine, on the back of the mandibular symphysis, and runs backward and slightly downward, to be inserted into the anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone. [2]: 346 It lies in contact with its fellow of the opposite side. It thus belongs to the suprahyoid muscles.
It is a potential space located between the mylohyoid muscle superiorly, the platysma muscle inferiorly, [1] under the chin in the midline. The space coincides with the anatomic region termed the submental triangle , part of the anterior triangle of the neck .
The mylohyoid muscle is flat and triangular, and is situated immediately superior to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. It is a pharyngeal muscle (derived from the first pharyngeal arch) and classified as one of the suprahyoid muscles. Together, the paired mylohyoid muscles form a muscular floor for the oral cavity of the mouth. [2]
Laterally, in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid muscle, lay several important structures (from upper to lower): sublingual gland, submandibular duct, lingual nerve, vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve.
The submandibular space is a fascial space of the head and neck (sometimes also termed fascial spaces or tissue spaces). It is a potential space, and is paired on either side, located on the superficial surface of the mylohyoid muscle between the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle. [1]
the mylohyoid muscle inferiorly; the medial surface of the mandible anterolaterally; the muscles along the base of the tongue (geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles) posteriorly; medially, the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and genioglossus separate the two halves of the sublingual space.
Mylohyoid: by its own nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar (from the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve), which arises just before the parent nerve enters the mandibular foramen, pierces the sphenomandibular ligament, and runs forward on the inferior surface of the mylohyoid, supplying it and the anterior belly of the digastric.
These represent all muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve. [2] The hypoglossal nerve is of a general somatic efferent (GSE) type. [2] These muscles are involved in moving and manipulating the tongue. [2] The left and right genioglossus muscles in particular are responsible for protruding ...