Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A reduced diagram is a knot diagram in which there are no reducible crossings (also nugatory or removable crossings), or in which all of the reducible crossings have been removed. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A petal projection is a type of projection in which, instead of forming double points, all strands of the knot meet at a single crossing point, connected ...
In mathematics, a knot is an embedding of the circle (S 1) into three-dimensional Euclidean space, R 3 (also known as E 3). Often two knots are considered equivalent if they are ambient isotopic , that is, if there exists a continuous deformation of R 3 which takes one knot to the other.
In mathematics, and especially in category theory, a commutative diagram is a diagram of objects, also known as vertices, and morphisms, also known as arrows or edges, such that when selecting two objects any directed path through the diagram leads to the same result by composition.
Frequently the word link is used to describe any submanifold of the sphere diffeomorphic to a disjoint union of a finite number of spheres, .. In full generality, the word link is essentially the same as the word knot – the context is that one has a submanifold M of a manifold N (considered to be trivially embedded) and a non-trivial embedding of M in N, non-trivial in the sense that the 2nd ...
In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more isolated subgraphs. [1] It is closely related to the theory of network flow problems. The connectivity of a graph is ...
The figure-eight knot has played an important role historically (and continues to do so) in the theory of 3-manifolds.Sometime in the mid-to-late 1970s, William Thurston showed that the figure-eight was hyperbolic, by decomposing its complement into two ideal hyperbolic tetrahedra.
A graph is connected-homogeneous if every isomorphism between two connected induced subgraphs can be extended to an automorphism of the whole graph. In addition to the homogeneous graphs, the finite connected connected-homogeneous graphs include all cycle graphs, all square rook's graphs, the Petersen graph, and the 5-regular Clebsch graph.
The attendant parallel displacement operations also had natural algebraic interpretations in terms of the connection. Koszul's definition was subsequently adopted by most of the differential geometry community, since it effectively converted the analytic correspondence between covariant differentiation and parallel translation to an algebraic one.