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The standard industrial reaction for producing methyl acrylate is esterification of acrylic acid with methanol under acid catalysis (sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or acidic ion exchangers. [7]). The transesterification is facilitated because methanol and methyl acrylate form a low boiling azeotrope (boiling point 62–63 °C). [8]
Acrylates (IUPAC: prop-2-enoates) are the salts, esters, and conjugate bases of acrylic acid. The acrylate ion is the anion CH 2 =CHCO − 2. Often, acrylate refers to esters of acrylic acid, the most common member being methyl acrylate. These acrylates contain vinyl groups.
Methacrylic acid undergoes several reactions characteristic of α,β-unsaturated acids (see acrylic acid). These reactions include the Diels–Alder reaction and Michael additions. Esterifications are brought about by acid-catalyzed condensations with alcohols, alkylations with certain alkenes, and transesterifications.
Acrylate polymers are derived from but do not contain the acrylate group. [4] The carboxyl group of acrylic acid can react with ammonia to form acrylamide, or with an alcohol to form an acrylate ester. Acrylamide and methyl acrylate are commercially important examples of α,β-unsaturated amides and α,β-unsaturated esters, respectively. They ...
The Bronsted acid and base moieties were proposed to be involved in the stabilization of zwitterionic species in a stereoselective manner. [28] BINOL-derived chiral phosphine catalyst is also effective for an asymmetric aza-MBH reaction of N-tosyl imines with activated alkenes such as methyl vinyl ketone and phenyl acrylate. [29]
Classical examples of the Michael reaction are the reaction between diethyl malonate (Michael donor) and diethyl fumarate (Michael acceptor), [26] that of diethyl malonate and mesityl oxide (forming Dimedone), [27] that of diethyl malonate and methyl crotonate, [28] that of 2-nitropropane and methyl acrylate, [29] that of ethyl ...
The reactions by the direct oxidation method consist of two-step oxidation of isobutylene or TBA with air to produce methacrylic acid and esterification by methanol to produce MMA. [10] CH 2 =C(CH 3) 2 or (CH 3) 3 C−OH + O 2 → CH 2 =C(CH 3)−CHO + H 2 O CH 2 =C(CH 3)CHO + ½ O 2 → CH 2 =C(CH 3)CO 2 H CH 2 =C(CH 3)CO 2 H + CH 3 OH → CH ...
An example of a base being neutralized by an acid is as follows. Ba(OH) 2 + 2 H + → Ba 2+ + 2 H 2 O. The same equation relating the concentrations of acid and base applies. The concept of neutralization is not limited to reactions in solution. For example, the reaction of limestone with acid such as sulfuric acid is also a neutralization ...