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The standard industrial reaction for producing methyl acrylate is esterification of acrylic acid with methanol under acid catalysis (sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or acidic ion exchangers. [7]). The transesterification is facilitated because methanol and methyl acrylate form a low boiling azeotrope (boiling point 62–63 °C). [8]
Often, acrylate refers to esters of acrylic acid, the most common member being methyl acrylate. These acrylates contain vinyl groups . These compounds are of interest because they are bifunctional : the vinyl group is susceptible to polymerization and the carboxylate group carries myriad functionalities.
Methacrylic acid undergoes several reactions characteristic of α,β-unsaturated acids (see acrylic acid). These reactions include the Diels–Alder reaction and Michael additions. Esterifications are brought about by acid-catalyzed condensations with alcohols, alkylations with certain alkenes, and transesterifications.
Acrylic acid undergoes the typical reactions of a carboxylic acid. When reacted with an alcohol, it forms the corresponding ester. The esters and salts of acrylic acid are collectively known as acrylates (or propenoates). The most common alkyl esters of acrylic acid are methyl, butyl, ethyl, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
In a second set of reactions, MeP is condensed with formaldehyde in a single heterogeneous reaction step to form MMA: [13] CH 3 CH 2 CO 2 CH 3 + CH 2 O → CH 3 (CH 2)CCO 2 CH 3 + H 2 O. The reaction of MeP and formaldehyde takes place over a fixed bed of catalyst. This catalyst, caesium oxide on silica, achieves good selectivity to MMA from ...
The first acrylic acid was created in 1843. Methacrylic acid, derived from acrylic acid, was formulated in 1865.The reaction between methacrylic acid and methanol results in the ester methyl methacrylate.
Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) or DMAEA is an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester having a tertiary amino group. It is a colorless to yellowish, water-miscible liquid with a pungent, amine-like odor. DMAEA is an important acrylic monomer that gives basic properties to copolymers.
Classical examples of the Michael reaction are the reaction between diethyl malonate (Michael donor) and diethyl fumarate (Michael acceptor), [26] that of diethyl malonate and mesityl oxide (forming Dimedone), [27] that of diethyl malonate and methyl crotonate, [28] that of 2-nitropropane and methyl acrylate, [29] that of ethyl ...