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Idiopathic hypercalcinuria (IH) is a condition including an excessive urinary calcium level with a normal blood calcium level resulting from no underlying cause. [1] IH has become the most common cause of hypercalciuria and is the most serious metabolic risk factor for developing nephrolithiasis . [ 1 ]
Nephrocalcinosis, once known as Albright's calcinosis after Fuller Albright, is a term originally used to describe the deposition of poorly soluble calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism. The term nephrocalcinosis is used to describe the deposition of both calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. [1]
The main therapeutic approach to primary hyperoxaluria is still restricted to symptomatic treatment, i.e. kidney transplantation once the disease has already reached mature or terminal stages. However, through genomics and proteomics approaches, efforts are currently being made to elucidate the kinetics of AGXT folding which has a direct ...
The gold standard to assess for hypercalciuria is 24-hour urine collection to evaluate urine calcium levels over that time period. Normal range is considered 100 to 300 milligrams per day (mg/day) with standard calcium intake. Hypercalciuria is diagnosed when a value over 300 mg/day is identified. [6]
Conversely, a restriction in oxalate intake is of limited use as the main source of oxalate is endogenous in primary hyperoxaluria. [ 12 ] Lumasiran , an RNA interference therapeutic drug, [ 13 ] is indicated for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) in adults and children of all ages and is available under the UK Early Access to ...
Calcium oxalate stones in children are associated with high amounts of calcium, oxalate, and magnesium in acidic urine. [130] Treatment of kidney stones in children is similar to treatments for adults, including shock wave lithotripsy, medication, and treatment using scope through the bladder, kidney or skin. [131]
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