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Permanent mold casting. Permanent mold casting is a metal casting process that employs reusable molds ("permanent molds"), usually made from metal. The most common process uses gravity to fill the mold, however gas pressure or a vacuum are also used. A variation on the typical gravity casting process, called slush casting, produces
Gravity casting is among the oldest known processes for fabricating metals and metal alloys. [1] It involves the pouring of molten metal from a crucible into a mold under only the force of gravity, without the use of pressurized gases, vacuums, or centrifugal force .
There are a few common methods for filling the mold cavity: gravity, low-pressure, high-pressure, and vacuum. [29] Vacuum filling, also known as counter-gravity filling, is more metal efficient than gravity pouring because less material solidifies in the gating system. Gravity pouring only has a 15 to 50% metal yield as compared to 60 to 95% ...
Die casting is a metal casting process that is characterized by forcing molten metal under high pressure into a mold cavity. The mold cavity is created using two hardened tool steel dies which have been machined into shape and work similarly to an injection mold during the process.
The metal may be gravity poured or forced by applying positive air pressure or other forces. Vacuum casting, tilt casting, pressure assisted pouring and centrifugal casting are methods that use additional forces and are especially useful when moulds contain thin sections that would be otherwise be difficult to fill. [12]
Gravity die casting, artificially aged; 140; 220; 170; 260; 80; 180; 90; 220; 2; 1; 2.5 ... An example use-case are wheel rims produced by low -pressure casting ...
Squeeze casting is a casting method that combines die casting and forging. It starts with low-pressure casting, followed by the application of very high pressure as the material cools, producing a high-quality casting. [1] [2] This is often carried out using a hydraulic press as part of the casting apparatus. [3]
The casting is usually a fine-grained casting with an especially fine-grained outer diameter, due to the rapid cooling at the surface of the mold. Lighter impurities and inclusions move towards the inside diameter and can be machined away following the casting. Casting machines may be either horizontal or vertical-axis. [1]