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Cataphract-style parade armour of a Saka royal, also known as "The Golden Warrior", from the Issyk kurgan, a historical burial site near Almaty, Kazakhstan. Circa 400–200 BC. [5] [6] The Saka [a] were a group of nomadic Eastern Iranian peoples who lived in the Eurasian Steppe and the Tarim Basin from the 9th century BC to the 5th century AD.
[23] [24] Relations with China factored heavily in the war. In 970, after the Khotanese capture of Kashgar, an elephant was sent as tribute by Khotan to Song dynasty China. [25] After the Qara Khanid Turkic Muslims defeated the Khotanese under Yusuf Qadir Khan at or before 1006, China received a tribute mission in 1009 from the Muslims. [26]
[1] [2] It operates under the direct leadership of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China. The Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage is a scientific research organization in the People's Republic of China that focuses on cultural heritage protection. It is one of the leading professional forces in the country in this field.
Saka, or Sakan, was a variety of Eastern Iranian languages, attested from the ancient Buddhist kingdoms of Khotan, Kashgar and Tumshuq in the Tarim Basin, in what is now southern Xinjiang, China. It is a Middle Iranian language . [ 2 ]
Like the Scythians whom Herodotus describes in book four of his History (Saka is an Iranian word equivalent to the Greek Scythes, and many scholars refer to them together as Saka-Scythian), Sakas were Iranian-speaking horse nomads who deployed chariots in battle, sacrificed horses, and buried their dead in barrows or mound tombs called kurgans ...
Chinese sources name the Scythian Sai (Saka), and the Yuezhi who are often identified as Tocharians, among the people of the Wusun state in the Zhetysu and Dzungaria area. [29] The Wusun realm probably included both Yuezhi and Saka. [1] It is clear that the majority of the population consisted of linguistically Iranian Saka tribes. [1]
The Ordos are mainly known from their skeletal remains and artifacts. The Ordos culture of about 500 BCE to 100 CE is known for its "Ordos bronzes", blade weapons, finials for tent-poles, horse gear, and small plaques and fittings for clothes and horse harness, using animal style decoration with relationships both with the Scythian art of regions much further west, and also Chinese art.
The Chinese Historical Society of America (simplified Chinese: 美国华人 历史 学会; traditional Chinese: 美國華人歷史學會; pinyin: Měiguó Huárén Lìshǐ Xuéhuì; Jyutping: Mei 5 gwok 3 Waa 4 jan 4 Lik 6 si 2 Hok 6 wui 6; abbreviated CHSA) is the oldest and largest archive and history center documenting the Chinese American experience in the United States.