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A Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood or Certificate of Degree of Alaska Native Blood (both abbreviated CDIB) is an official U.S. document that certifies an individual possesses a specific fraction of Native American ancestry of a federally recognized Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, or community. [1]
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 marked the beginning of the US government's widespread application of the blood quantum idea. At the time, for someone to be recognized as Native American and be qualified for financial and other benefits under treaties or land sales, they had to meet a specific BQ requirement set by the federal government. [7]
[14] American Indian is defined as "a person who is a citizen or enrolled member of an American Indian tribe." The law defines American Indian tribe as "any Indian tribe federally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the United States Department of the Interior". The penalties are between $25 to $200 and/or imprisonment from 30 to 90 days.
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Blood quantum is traced from the ancestor listed on the 1924 Baker Roll. A person with a blood quantum of less than 1/16th is an Eastern Band Cherokee descendant, but not a tribal citizen. The Eastern Band Cherokee nation does not allow DNA testing to be used to determine tribal citizenship, unless the test is to determine parentage.
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In order to become a federally recognized, tribes must meet certain requirements. The Bureau of Indian affairs defines a federally recognized tribe as an American Indian or Alaska Native tribal entity that is recognized having a government-to-government relationship with the United States, with the responsibilities, powers, limitations, and obligations attached to that designation, and is ...
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