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Per the Alberta Oil Sands Bitumen Valuation Methodology, "Dilbit Blends" means "Blends made from heavy crudes and/or bitumens and a diluent, usually natural-gas condensate, for the purpose of meeting pipeline viscosity and density specifications, where the density of the diluent included in the blend is less than 800 kg/m 3."
The weight designations originated with organic base felt weighing 15 or 30 pounds per 100 sq. ft. (6.8 kg or 14 kg per 9.3 m 2). However, modern base felts are made of lighter-weight fibre, so the weight designations, though common colloquially, are no longer literally accurate. [2]
Bitumen typically contains, elementally 80% by weight of carbon; 10% hydrogen; up to 6% sulfur; and molecularly, between 5 and 25% by weight of asphaltenes dispersed in 90% to 65% maltenes. [18] Most natural bitumens also contain organosulfur compounds, nickel and vanadium are found at <10 parts per million, as is typical of some petroleum. [6]
Bitumen froth treatment is a process used in the Athabasca oil sands (AOS) bitumen recovery operations to remove fine inorganics—water and mineral particles—from bitumen froth, by diluting the bitumen with a light hydrocarbon solvent—either naphthenic or paraffinic—to reduce the viscosity of the froth and to remove contaminants that ...
By March 30, 2020, the price of WCS bitumen-blend crude was US$3.82 per barrel. [55] In April 2020 the price briefly fell below zero, along with WTI, due to collapsing demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. [56] [57] In June, the Western Canadian Select (WCS) benchmark price averaged $64.35 per barrel, which was closely aligned with the year ...
The stone skeleton is filled with a mastic of bitumen and filler to which fibres are added to provide adequate stability of bitumen and to prevent drainage of binder during transport and placement. Typical SMA composition consists of 70−80% coarse aggregate, 8−12% filler, 6.0−7.0% binder, and 0.3 per cent fibre.
Its bank density (the density of a coal seam prior to breaking up during mining) is about 1346 kg/m 3 (84 lb/ft 3) while the bulk density of extracted coal is up to 833 kg/m 3 (52 lb/ft 3). [12] Bituminous coal characteristically burns with a smoky flame and softens and swells during combustion. [ 13 ]
The complete test requires 500 drum revolutions at a speed of 30-33 revolutions per minute. [6] Crushed sample is then separated from fine dust on a sieve, washed, dried and weighed. [6] The test reports loss of mass to abrasion and impact, expressed as a percentage of initial sample mass. [7]