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The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship, describes the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. [1] Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response curves. This is explained further ...
The linear no-threshold model (LNT) is a dose-response model used in radiation protection to estimate stochastic health effects such as radiation-induced cancer, genetic mutations and teratogenic effects on the human body due to exposure to ionizing radiation. The model assumes a linear relationship between dose and health effects, even for ...
A very low dose of a chemical agent may trigger from an organism the opposite response to a very high dose. Radiation hormesis proposes that radiation exposure comparable to and just above the natural background level of radiation is not harmful but beneficial, while accepting that much higher levels of radiation are hazardous. Proponents of ...
It is difficult to establish risks associated with low dose radiation. [7] One reason why is that a long period of time occurs from exposure to radiation and the appearance of cancer. [7] Also, there is a natural incidence of cancer. [7] It is difficult to determine whether increases in cancer in a population are caused by low dose radiation. [7]
Hormesis is a two-phased dose-response relationship to an environmental agent whereby low ... The resulting confusion in the low-dose exposure field (radiation and ...
Radiation hormesis is the conjecture that a low level of ionizing radiation (i.e., near the level of Earth's natural background radiation) helps "immunize" cells against DNA damage from other causes (such as free radicals or larger doses of ionizing radiation), and decreases the risk of cancer. The theory proposes that such low levels activate ...
They include the physicochemical properties of the drug, route of administration or exposure, duration of exposure, population size, and the characteristics of the studied organism such as their species, sex, ages, etc. [3] The type of biological responses is also a significant factor for the variations of a dose-response relationship.
By irradiating batches of cells with different doses and types of radiation, a relationship between dose and the fraction of cells that die can be found, and then used to find the doses corresponding to some common survival rate. The ratio of these doses is the RBE of R.