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Rare causes of chronic diarrhea in young children include a group of genetic mutations known as "congenital diarrhea and enteropathies" (CODEs). This group of genetic disorders usually presents in the first weeks of birth as severe and debilitating diarrhea and can lead to malabsorption, growth failure, and difficulty feeding. [ 13 ]
Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children, [25] and produces similar rates in both the developed and developing world. [20] Viruses cause about 70% of episodes of infectious diarrhea in the pediatric age group. [13] Rotavirus is a less common cause in adults due to acquired immunity. [27]
Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, [3] is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19. [4] This virus was discovered in 1975 and can cause other diseases besides fifth disease. [5] Fifth disease typically presents as a rash and is most common in children.
People infected with the virus usually experience mild symptoms that can include fever, headache, sore throat, joint pain and a “slapped cheek” rash. However, the CDC said the virus can also ...
There are many causes of infectious diarrhea, which include viruses, bacteria and parasites. [29] Infectious diarrhea is frequently referred to as gastroenteritis. [30] Norovirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in adults, [31] but rotavirus is the most common cause in children under five years old. [32]
Meta-analyses have concluded that probiotics may protect against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. [2] [3] Evidence is insufficient, however, regarding an effect on rates of C. difficile colitis. [4] The efficacy of probiotic AAD prevention is dependent on the probiotic strain(s) used and on the dosage.
CCD may be detectable on prenatal ultrasound. [4] [5] After birth, signs in affected babies typically are abdominal distension, visible peristalsis, and watery stools persistent from birth that show chloride loss of more than 90 mmol/L. [5] An important feature in this diarrhea that helps in the diagnosis, is that it is the only type of diarrhea that causes metabolic alkalosis rather than ...
Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [1] [3] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [1]