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Alternative civilian service, also called alternative services, civilian service, non-military service, and substitute service, is a form of national service performed in lieu of military conscription for various reasons, such as conscientious objection, inadequate health, or political reasons. Alternative service usually involves some kind of ...
Those willing to accept non-combatant roles, such as medical personnel, are accommodated. There are few legal options for draftees who cannot cooperate with the military in any way. John T. Neufeld was a conscientious objector sentenced to 15 years hard labor in the Disciplinary Barracks at Leavenworth, Kansas. Neufeld was paroled to do dairy ...
Some of the countries listed, such as Iceland and Monaco, have no standing armies but still have a non-police military force. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Many of the 21 countries listed here typically have had a long-standing agreement with a former colonial or protecting power ; one example of the latter is the agreement between Monaco and France ...
This does not necessarily include military, non-combatant or civilian people killed by radiation, disease, or other means as a result of war. [18] After World War II ended, countries got together with the aim to give rights to non-combatants and created the 1949 Geneva Conventions, built off the 1907 Hague Convention.
The vast majority of the non-combat medals were awarded to members of the United States Navy for their actions during boiler explosions, man-overboard incidents, and other hazards of naval service. The list includes 10 Navy officers and men who earned the Medal of Honor for non-combat actions during the First World War and one who received it ...
Civilian-based defense, according to Professor Gene Sharp, a scholar of non-violent struggle, is a "policy [in which] the whole population and the society's institutions become the fighting forces.Their weaponry consists of a vast variety of forms of psychological, economic, social, and political resistance and counter-attack. This policy aims ...
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" [1] on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. [2] The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. [3]
2009 Joint Chiefs of Staff memo CJCSI 3160-01, which described the NCV. Non-combatant casualty value (NCV), also known as the non-combatant and civilian casualty cut-off value (NCV or NCCV), is a military rule of engagement which provides an estimate of the worth placed on the lives of non-combatants, i.e. civilians or non-military individuals within a conflict zone.