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Early diagnosis and analysis of seemingly healthy concrete cover and reinforcement status allows pre-emptive corrosion control measures to reduce unwanted risks to structural safety. [3] Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Germany) has developed a sensor equipped robotic ...
The demagnetizing field, also called the stray field (outside the magnet), is the magnetic field (H-field) [1] generated by the magnetization in a magnet.The total magnetic field in a region containing magnets is the sum of the demagnetizing fields of the magnets and the magnetic field due to any free currents or displacement currents.
Paramagnetic materials have a weak induced magnetization in a magnetic field, which disappears when the magnetic field is removed. Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials have strong magnetization in a magnetic field, and can be magnetized to have magnetization in the absence of an external field, becoming a permanent magnet. Magnetization is ...
The NRM is then stripped away in a stepwise manner using thermal or alternating field demagnetization techniques to reveal the stable magnetic component. Magnetic orientations of all samples from a site are then compared and their average magnetic polarity is determined with directional statistics , most commonly Fisher statistics or ...
Magnetic yoke is a hand-held device that induces a magnetic field between two poles. Common applications are for outdoor use, remote locations, and weld inspection. The drawback of magnetic yokes is that they only induce a magnetic field between the poles, so large-scale inspections using the device can be time-consuming.
By choosing a magnetic material with a high (BH) max, and also choosing the aspect ratio of the magnet so that its −BH is equal to (BH) max, the required volume of magnet to achieve a target flux density in the air gap is minimized. This expression assumes that the permeability in the core that is connecting the magnetic material to the air ...
Magnetic hysteresis can be characterized in various ways. In general, the magnetic material is placed in a varying applied H field, as induced by an electromagnet, and the resulting magnetic flux density (B field) is measured, generally by the inductive electromotive force introduced on a pickup coil nearby the sample.
The magnetic anisotropy of a benzene ring (A), alkene (B), carbonyl (C), alkyne (D), and a more complex molecule (E) are shown in the figure. Each of these unsaturated functional groups (A-D) create a tiny magnetic field and hence some local anisotropic regions (shown as cones) in which the shielding effects and the chemical shifts are unusual.