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  2. Seismic wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_wave

    P wave and S wave from seismograph Velocity of seismic waves in Earth versus depth. [1] The negligible S-wave velocity in the outer core occurs because it is liquid, while in the solid inner core the S-wave velocity is non-zero. A seismic wave is a mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth or another planetary body.

  3. Seismology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismology

    Seismology (/ s aɪ z ˈ m ɒ l ə dʒ i, s aɪ s-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies.

  4. Seismic velocity structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_Velocity_Structure

    The study of seismic velocity structure, using the principles of seismic wave propagation, offers critical insights into the Earth's internal structure, material composition, and physical states. [1] Variations in wave speed, influenced by differences in material density and state (solid, liquid, or gas), alter wave paths through refraction and ...

  5. P wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_wave

    A P wave (primary wave or pressure wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology. P waves travel faster than other seismic waves and hence are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at any affected location or at a seismograph. P waves may be transmitted through gases, liquids, or solids.

  6. What causes earthquakes? The science behind why seismic ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/causes-earthquakes-science-behind...

    Those seismic waves are like ripples on a pond, the USGS said. The earthquake will be strongest at its epicenter, the point on the surface directly above where the quake started, and the effects ...

  7. Seismogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismogram

    The P wave is the first wave that is bigger than the other waves (the microseisms). Because P waves are the fastest seismic waves, they will usually be the first ones that the seismograph records. The next set of seismic waves on the seismogram will be the S waves. These are usually bigger than the P waves, and have higher frequency.

  8. Seismic magnitude scales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales

    First, the scale is logarithmic, so that each unit represents a ten-fold increase in the amplitude of the seismic waves. [12] As the energy of a wave is proportional to A 1.5, where A denotes the amplitude, each unit of magnitude represents a 10 1.5 ≈ 32-fold increase in the seismic energy (strength) of an earthquake. [13]

  9. Seismic refraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_refraction

    S-wave refraction evaluates the shear wave generated by the seismic source located at a known distance from the array. The wave is generated by horizontally striking an object on the ground surface to induce the shear wave. Since the shear wave is the second fastest wave, it is sometimes referred to as the secondary wave. When compared to the ...